1 00:00:06,869 --> 00:00:03,990 friday july 21st 2017 you are listening 2 00:00:09,669 --> 00:00:06,879 to inception radio network voice of the 3 00:00:13,430 --> 00:00:09,679 fringe majority this is carol carl with 4 00:00:18,150 --> 00:00:15,430 we could almost begin tonight's earth 5 00:00:21,590 --> 00:00:18,160 sky forecast with that old nursery rhyme 6 00:00:23,830 --> 00:00:21,600 song i'm a little teapot short and stout 7 00:00:27,509 --> 00:00:23,840 but we won't but here is the headline 8 00:00:30,070 --> 00:00:27,519 find the teapot and the galaxy's center 9 00:00:32,229 --> 00:00:30,080 tonight or any moonless evening during a 10 00:00:34,709 --> 00:00:32,239 northern hemisphere summer or a southern 11 00:00:36,470 --> 00:00:34,719 hemisphere winter you can look in the 12 00:00:39,030 --> 00:00:36,480 evening hours toward the center of our 13 00:00:41,590 --> 00:00:39,040 milky way galaxy it's located in the 14 00:00:43,830 --> 00:00:41,600 direction of sagittarius the archer 15 00:00:46,150 --> 00:00:43,840 which happens to contain a famous 16 00:00:48,229 --> 00:00:46,160 asterism one of those noticeable 17 00:00:50,470 --> 00:00:48,239 patterns of stars but they're not really 18 00:00:51,590 --> 00:00:50,480 a constellation this one's called the 19 00:00:53,350 --> 00:00:51,600 teapot 20 00:00:55,270 --> 00:00:53,360 from the northern hemisphere you'll be 21 00:00:57,270 --> 00:00:55,280 looking south during the evening hours 22 00:00:59,029 --> 00:00:57,280 if you want to find this star pattern 23 00:01:00,950 --> 00:00:59,039 and if you're in the southern hemisphere 24 00:01:03,830 --> 00:01:00,960 look for the teapot to climb high 25 00:01:05,590 --> 00:01:03,840 overhead around mid to late evening 26 00:01:07,350 --> 00:01:05,600 if you're blessed with a dark sky 27 00:01:08,950 --> 00:01:07,360 finding this will be easy 28 00:01:12,070 --> 00:01:08,960 in a dark sky you're going to see a 29 00:01:14,870 --> 00:01:12,080 broad boulevard of stars the edgewise 30 00:01:16,870 --> 00:01:14,880 view into our own milky way galaxy which 31 00:01:18,710 --> 00:01:16,880 broadens and brightens in the direction 32 00:01:20,870 --> 00:01:18,720 of a galaxy center 33 00:01:24,789 --> 00:01:20,880 or maybe you know the planets if you 34 00:01:27,190 --> 00:01:24,799 have that dark sky in 2017 the starry 35 00:01:30,630 --> 00:01:27,200 band of the milky way passes between 36 00:01:32,550 --> 00:01:30,640 said teapot and the golden planet saturn 37 00:01:35,429 --> 00:01:32,560 it lies about midway between the spout 38 00:01:37,109 --> 00:01:35,439 of the teapot and saturn this year 39 00:01:39,749 --> 00:01:37,119 if you don't know saturn and you don't 40 00:01:41,069 --> 00:01:39,759 have a dark sky the chart you can find 41 00:01:42,950 --> 00:01:41,079 later at 42 00:01:45,190 --> 00:01:42,960 ufoheadlinenews.com will help you out 43 00:01:48,149 --> 00:01:45,200 with that it's provided by an individual 44 00:01:51,590 --> 00:01:48,159 named astrobob he expands the view 45 00:01:54,310 --> 00:01:51,600 including the constellation scorpius etc 46 00:01:57,270 --> 00:01:54,320 sagittarius the archer and its tepa 47 00:01:58,709 --> 00:01:57,280 asterism is next to scorpius on the 48 00:02:01,429 --> 00:01:58,719 sky's dome 49 00:02:03,990 --> 00:02:01,439 we can't really see the galactic center 50 00:02:06,630 --> 00:02:04,000 it's heavily veiled by intervening stars 51 00:02:08,550 --> 00:02:06,640 star clusters and nebulae those vast 52 00:02:10,710 --> 00:02:08,560 clouds of gas and dust 53 00:02:13,430 --> 00:02:10,720 the center of our milky way looms some 54 00:02:15,350 --> 00:02:13,440 26 000 light years away 55 00:02:18,309 --> 00:02:15,360 but we can gaze toward this direction in 56 00:02:20,550 --> 00:02:18,319 space and if your sky is dark enough it 57 00:02:22,630 --> 00:02:20,560 is a sight to behold 58 00:02:24,949 --> 00:02:22,640 by the way the teapot actually makes up 59 00:02:27,670 --> 00:02:24,959 the western half of the constellation 60 00:02:30,070 --> 00:02:27,680 sagittarius the archer modern eyes have 61 00:02:32,949 --> 00:02:30,080 an easier time envisioning a teapot than 62 00:02:34,309 --> 00:02:32,959 an archer with a drawn out bow from 63 00:02:36,309 --> 00:02:34,319 temperate latitudes in the northern 64 00:02:39,270 --> 00:02:36,319 hemisphere it's pretty easy to make out 65 00:02:41,430 --> 00:02:39,280 the summer triangle asterism rather high 66 00:02:43,589 --> 00:02:41,440 in your eastern sky at nightfall this 67 00:02:45,830 --> 00:02:43,599 huge star formation consists of those 68 00:02:49,270 --> 00:02:45,840 three brilliant stars we talk about here 69 00:02:51,670 --> 00:02:49,280 vega deneb and altair and can oftentimes 70 00:02:53,990 --> 00:02:51,680 withstand the glare of the full moon or 71 00:02:56,790 --> 00:02:54,000 even a light polluted city 72 00:02:58,390 --> 00:02:56,800 if you're otherwise lost on some starry 73 00:03:00,869 --> 00:02:58,400 night but you can't find the summer 74 00:03:04,070 --> 00:03:00,879 triangle let this signpost star 75 00:03:06,869 --> 00:03:04,080 formation escort you to the teapot and 76 00:03:10,470 --> 00:03:06,879 don't forget trying that imaginary line 77 00:03:13,190 --> 00:03:10,480 drawing from deneb through altar to star 78 00:03:16,229 --> 00:03:13,200 hop to that teapot here's the bottom 79 00:03:18,229 --> 00:03:16,239 line blessed with a dark sky try finding 80 00:03:22,149 --> 00:03:18,239 the teapot and the direction to the 81 00:03:23,750 --> 00:03:22,159 galactic center on these moonless nights 82 00:03:27,190 --> 00:03:23,760 here's an interesting headline written 83 00:03:28,309 --> 00:03:27,200 by swapnakrishna for engadget.com 84 00:03:31,270 --> 00:03:28,319 headline 85 00:03:33,190 --> 00:03:31,280 one single theory may have solved three 86 00:03:35,830 --> 00:03:33,200 mars mysteries 87 00:03:36,949 --> 00:03:35,840 we still aren't quite sure how mars 88 00:03:38,470 --> 00:03:36,959 formed 89 00:03:40,869 --> 00:03:38,480 there are many questions about its 90 00:03:43,910 --> 00:03:40,879 distinct geology and its weird but 91 00:03:45,270 --> 00:03:43,920 lovable potato moons that don't really 92 00:03:47,110 --> 00:03:45,280 make sense 93 00:03:49,270 --> 00:03:47,120 but now a study in the journal 94 00:03:51,830 --> 00:03:49,280 geophysical research letters may have 95 00:03:53,350 --> 00:03:51,840 solved some of the enduring mysteries of 96 00:03:55,190 --> 00:03:53,360 the red planet 97 00:03:57,670 --> 00:03:55,200 mars has hemispheres that are 98 00:03:59,830 --> 00:03:57,680 geologically different from one another 99 00:04:00,869 --> 00:03:59,840 smooth to the north cratered in the 100 00:04:03,350 --> 00:04:00,879 south 101 00:04:05,350 --> 00:04:03,360 additionally the aforementioned potato 102 00:04:07,110 --> 00:04:05,360 moons and a composition that is 103 00:04:08,229 --> 00:04:07,120 different from earth's add to its 104 00:04:10,789 --> 00:04:08,239 mystery 105 00:04:12,869 --> 00:04:10,799 researchers stephen moses and ramon 106 00:04:15,589 --> 00:04:12,879 brasser discovered that it was possible 107 00:04:17,670 --> 00:04:15,599 to have just one explanation for all 108 00:04:22,230 --> 00:04:17,680 three phenomena and here's that 109 00:04:24,469 --> 00:04:22,240 explanation a giant asteroid collision 110 00:04:26,629 --> 00:04:24,479 after the planets first formed a lot of 111 00:04:28,390 --> 00:04:26,639 leftover debris was floating around the 112 00:04:30,629 --> 00:04:28,400 early solar system 113 00:04:32,629 --> 00:04:30,639 these asteroids slammed into the planets 114 00:04:35,110 --> 00:04:32,639 as they were settling violently 115 00:04:36,390 --> 00:04:35,120 bombarding re-shifting planetary 116 00:04:39,350 --> 00:04:36,400 compositions 117 00:04:41,350 --> 00:04:39,360 the giant impact model theorizes that 118 00:04:43,830 --> 00:04:41,360 the rocky inner planets were initially 119 00:04:46,390 --> 00:04:43,840 smaller than they are now asteroid 120 00:04:48,310 --> 00:04:46,400 impacts added to their masses as they 121 00:04:51,590 --> 00:04:48,320 absorbed the elements within the space 122 00:04:53,510 --> 00:04:51,600 debris and reformed themselves the 123 00:04:55,590 --> 00:04:53,520 researchers took a close look at martian 124 00:04:57,830 --> 00:04:55,600 meteorites and realized that the 125 00:05:00,390 --> 00:04:57,840 composition of metals within its mantle 126 00:05:01,430 --> 00:05:00,400 could have come from one large asteroid 127 00:05:03,510 --> 00:05:01,440 impact 128 00:05:05,830 --> 00:05:03,520 they calculated the size of the asteroid 129 00:05:08,550 --> 00:05:05,840 needed to deliver these metals found 130 00:05:11,670 --> 00:05:08,560 using mars impact simulations 131 00:05:15,510 --> 00:05:11,680 the final result an asteroid the size of 132 00:05:18,590 --> 00:05:15,520 ceres roughly 1200 kilometers 745 miles 133 00:05:22,070 --> 00:05:18,600 wide may have impacted the planet around 134 00:05:24,230 --> 00:05:22,080 4.43 billion years ago and mars likely 135 00:05:25,590 --> 00:05:24,240 was subjected to smaller impacts 136 00:05:27,350 --> 00:05:25,600 afterwards 137 00:05:29,590 --> 00:05:27,360 the asteroid hit the northern hemisphere 138 00:05:32,070 --> 00:05:29,600 of mars which would explain the fact 139 00:05:34,310 --> 00:05:32,080 that that area's crust is younger than 140 00:05:35,990 --> 00:05:34,320 that of other martian areas and ejected 141 00:05:38,710 --> 00:05:36,000 enough material from its surface to 142 00:05:40,710 --> 00:05:38,720 create a planetary ring 143 00:05:43,510 --> 00:05:40,720 and this could possibly have resulted in 144 00:05:46,469 --> 00:05:43,520 the formation of mars two moons those 145 00:05:48,629 --> 00:05:46,479 potato guys phobos and deimos and that 146 00:05:50,390 --> 00:05:48,639 would also explain their composition 147 00:05:53,430 --> 00:05:50,400 these bodies are made of both martian 148 00:05:55,830 --> 00:05:53,440 and non-martian elements 149 00:05:58,469 --> 00:05:55,840 we still don't know anything for sure 150 00:06:00,230 --> 00:05:58,479 such is space science but the fact that 151 00:06:02,950 --> 00:06:00,240 this one theory solves multiple 152 00:06:05,270 --> 00:06:02,960 mysteries of mars origins and geological 153 00:06:07,189 --> 00:06:05,280 features lends weight to it the 154 00:06:09,510 --> 00:06:07,199 researchers hope to add further credence 155 00:06:11,590 --> 00:06:09,520 to their theory by studying more martian 156 00:06:14,390 --> 00:06:11,600 meteorites and understanding how 157 00:06:17,830 --> 00:06:14,400 asteroids affected our solar system's 158 00:06:20,629 --> 00:06:17,840 formation yes the mysteries of space 159 00:06:23,430 --> 00:06:20,639 science speaking of which that segues us 160 00:06:25,749 --> 00:06:23,440 right into our next headline distant 161 00:06:29,189 --> 00:06:25,759 kuiper belt object observed by new 162 00:06:30,309 --> 00:06:29,199 horizons nasa team in argentina we 163 00:06:32,150 --> 00:06:30,319 grabbed this story from the 164 00:06:34,070 --> 00:06:32,160 international business times space 165 00:06:35,510 --> 00:06:34,080 department with a byline for nina 166 00:06:37,670 --> 00:06:35,520 godlovski 167 00:06:40,710 --> 00:06:37,680 nasa's new horizons team based in 168 00:06:42,870 --> 00:06:40,720 argentina made another groundbreaking 169 00:06:44,550 --> 00:06:42,880 observation of a distant kuiper belt 170 00:06:47,510 --> 00:06:44,560 object last weekend 171 00:06:49,670 --> 00:06:47,520 this object is four billion miles away 172 00:06:51,749 --> 00:06:49,680 and researchers were able to detect it 173 00:06:53,670 --> 00:06:51,759 because it passed in front of another 174 00:06:54,790 --> 00:06:53,680 star that's according to a news release 175 00:06:57,189 --> 00:06:54,800 from nasa 176 00:06:59,430 --> 00:06:57,199 in just a few seconds the researchers 177 00:07:01,270 --> 00:06:59,440 caught its shadow passing the bright 178 00:07:03,510 --> 00:07:01,280 light of a distant star 179 00:07:06,230 --> 00:07:03,520 the object effectively fully blocked the 180 00:07:08,309 --> 00:07:06,240 star that event called occultation and 181 00:07:09,270 --> 00:07:08,319 the researchers were able to capture the 182 00:07:10,950 --> 00:07:09,280 event 183 00:07:12,710 --> 00:07:10,960 it was no coincidence that the 184 00:07:14,950 --> 00:07:12,720 researchers were able to catch the 185 00:07:17,430 --> 00:07:14,960 object on the move the team had set up 186 00:07:19,909 --> 00:07:17,440 telescopes in a fairly remote area in 187 00:07:23,990 --> 00:07:19,919 argentina to get a glimpse of the object 188 00:07:26,150 --> 00:07:24,000 that object 2014 mu69 189 00:07:28,469 --> 00:07:26,160 this makes five occultations the team 190 00:07:30,350 --> 00:07:28,479 has observed and record to beef up their 191 00:07:31,909 --> 00:07:30,360 data on 2014 192 00:07:33,589 --> 00:07:31,919 mu69 193 00:07:35,909 --> 00:07:33,599 the researchers had known they'd be able 194 00:07:37,510 --> 00:07:35,919 to capture the occultation since may 195 00:07:40,390 --> 00:07:37,520 they knew the occultations would be 196 00:07:43,270 --> 00:07:40,400 occurring on certain days june 3rd july 197 00:07:44,469 --> 00:07:43,280 10th and july 17th so they were able to 198 00:07:46,790 --> 00:07:44,479 prepare 199 00:07:50,309 --> 00:07:46,800 they had more than 60 observers ready 200 00:07:53,510 --> 00:07:50,319 with 24 mobile telescopes ready to catch 201 00:07:56,150 --> 00:07:53,520 2014 mu69 and all of this was done to 202 00:07:58,710 --> 00:07:56,160 help prepare for an even more grand 203 00:08:00,950 --> 00:07:58,720 observation that's coming up new year's 204 00:08:02,790 --> 00:08:00,960 day 2019. 205 00:08:04,869 --> 00:08:02,800 in addition to the research team working 206 00:08:06,950 --> 00:08:04,879 to see the kuiper belt object the 207 00:08:09,990 --> 00:08:06,960 government and people of argentina had a 208 00:08:12,629 --> 00:08:10,000 hand in making this observation possible 209 00:08:15,510 --> 00:08:12,639 to ensure the best conditions possible 210 00:08:17,510 --> 00:08:15,520 to observe street lights were turned off 211 00:08:20,230 --> 00:08:17,520 a major highway was shut down for two 212 00:08:22,230 --> 00:08:20,240 hours and people even parked their cars 213 00:08:24,070 --> 00:08:22,240 to help block the wind at these 214 00:08:27,110 --> 00:08:24,080 observation sites 215 00:08:29,430 --> 00:08:27,120 on january 1st 2019 the new horizons 216 00:08:31,830 --> 00:08:29,440 spacecraft is set to fly by the kuiper 217 00:08:33,670 --> 00:08:31,840 belt object and the hope is that these 218 00:08:35,750 --> 00:08:33,680 observations made from earth will give 219 00:08:38,230 --> 00:08:35,760 researchers a better idea about its 220 00:08:39,029 --> 00:08:38,240 shape and size before the craft gets 221 00:08:41,269 --> 00:08:39,039 there 222 00:08:43,269 --> 00:08:41,279 before these most recent observations 223 00:08:45,509 --> 00:08:43,279 only the hubble telescope had been able 224 00:08:47,509 --> 00:08:45,519 to detect this object and it wasn't able 225 00:08:48,389 --> 00:08:47,519 to determine anything about size or 226 00:08:50,630 --> 00:08:48,399 shape 227 00:08:52,870 --> 00:08:50,640 even now with the observations it will 228 00:08:55,350 --> 00:08:52,880 take researchers weeks to make any 229 00:08:57,430 --> 00:08:55,360 determinations about this object 230 00:08:59,670 --> 00:08:57,440 the observations new horizons makes as 231 00:09:02,070 --> 00:08:59,680 it flies by the object will set the 232 00:09:04,949 --> 00:09:02,080 record for the furthest distance between 233 00:09:08,389 --> 00:09:04,959 a craft and the object it's observing 234 00:09:10,550 --> 00:09:08,399 new horizons launched on january 19 2006 235 00:09:11,430 --> 00:09:10,560 and has been sending back observations 236 00:09:13,030 --> 00:09:11,440 since 237 00:09:15,110 --> 00:09:13,040 it was observing pluto and its 238 00:09:17,430 --> 00:09:15,120 surroundings for much of its mission but 239 00:09:19,829 --> 00:09:17,440 now it's past that distant planet and 240 00:09:22,310 --> 00:09:19,839 soon enough it will conduct an extended 241 00:09:25,190 --> 00:09:22,320 mission to study the kuiper belt and 242 00:09:27,670 --> 00:09:25,200 2014 mu69 243 00:09:29,350 --> 00:09:27,680 so has this week maybe left you feeling 244 00:09:31,350 --> 00:09:29,360 a tad listless 245 00:09:34,350 --> 00:09:31,360 well don't worry we've got a list right 246 00:09:36,790 --> 00:09:34,360 here the top five places to look for 247 00:09:38,710 --> 00:09:36,800 extraterrestrial life this is from the 248 00:09:41,269 --> 00:09:38,720 publication cosmos 249 00:09:44,070 --> 00:09:41,279 their headline the top five places to 250 00:09:46,470 --> 00:09:44,080 look for extraterrestrial life a sub 251 00:09:49,269 --> 00:09:46,480 headline it's a mighty big universe but 252 00:09:51,750 --> 00:09:49,279 et hunters are zeroing in on these prime 253 00:09:53,190 --> 00:09:51,760 candidates this is a byline for andrew 254 00:09:55,430 --> 00:09:53,200 masterson 255 00:09:57,910 --> 00:09:55,440 for all the hope and expectation it's 256 00:09:59,910 --> 00:09:57,920 sobering to recall that despite the best 257 00:10:02,230 --> 00:09:59,920 efforts of scientists and engineers 258 00:10:04,870 --> 00:10:02,240 there still is no evidence that life 259 00:10:07,590 --> 00:10:04,880 exists anywhere beyond our own planet 260 00:10:10,230 --> 00:10:07,600 there are however some planetary prime 261 00:10:12,550 --> 00:10:10,240 suspects here are the five places 262 00:10:15,190 --> 00:10:12,560 astronomers and astrobiologists 263 00:10:16,470 --> 00:10:15,200 think are the best chances for harboring 264 00:10:20,790 --> 00:10:16,480 et 265 00:10:25,350 --> 00:10:22,470 lowercase b 266 00:10:27,509 --> 00:10:25,360 news of this planet a rocky super earth 267 00:10:28,389 --> 00:10:27,519 was announced in the journal nature last 268 00:10:31,269 --> 00:10:28,399 april 269 00:10:33,670 --> 00:10:31,279 orbiting a red dwarf 39 light years from 270 00:10:36,550 --> 00:10:33,680 earth the planet sits in its star's 271 00:10:38,630 --> 00:10:36,560 habitable zone that goldilock zone and 272 00:10:41,670 --> 00:10:38,640 it has an estimated mass almost seven 273 00:10:44,069 --> 00:10:41,680 times that of our own planet leading to 274 00:10:46,870 --> 00:10:44,079 the assumption that it comprises rock 275 00:10:48,949 --> 00:10:46,880 encasing a solid iron core 276 00:10:51,030 --> 00:10:48,959 according to jason ditman of the harvard 277 00:10:54,110 --> 00:10:51,040 smithsonian center for astrophysics in 278 00:10:59,670 --> 00:10:57,110 lhs1140b's density means that it might 279 00:11:02,550 --> 00:10:59,680 have survived the runaway global warming 280 00:11:05,190 --> 00:11:02,560 thought to denude many red dwarf planets 281 00:11:07,910 --> 00:11:05,200 and if so it might now boast a stable 282 00:11:10,710 --> 00:11:07,920 atmosphere and liquid water quote this 283 00:11:13,750 --> 00:11:10,720 is the most exciting exoplanet i've seen 284 00:11:16,389 --> 00:11:13,760 in the past decade said jason ditman he 285 00:11:18,230 --> 00:11:16,399 continues quote we could hardly hope for 286 00:11:20,949 --> 00:11:18,240 a better target to perform one of the 287 00:11:24,630 --> 00:11:20,959 biggest quests in space searching for 288 00:11:27,509 --> 00:11:24,640 evidence of life beyond earth end quotes 289 00:11:30,150 --> 00:11:27,519 next on our list is enceladus thanks to 290 00:11:33,110 --> 00:11:30,160 the data from nasa's cassini spacecraft 291 00:11:35,829 --> 00:11:33,120 saturn's moon enceladus has emerged as 292 00:11:38,150 --> 00:11:35,839 every e.t hunter's favorite target this 293 00:11:41,430 --> 00:11:38,160 is mainly due to the strong likelihood 294 00:11:43,750 --> 00:11:41,440 that it features a subterranean ocean 295 00:11:45,990 --> 00:11:43,760 in april this year a team of scientists 296 00:11:48,710 --> 00:11:46,000 from the southwest research institute in 297 00:11:50,870 --> 00:11:48,720 texas revealed a plume of hydrogen 298 00:11:52,470 --> 00:11:50,880 erupting from the moon's surface 299 00:11:54,790 --> 00:11:52,480 this plume may be evidence of 300 00:11:57,190 --> 00:11:54,800 hydrothermal vents in the subsurface 301 00:12:00,389 --> 00:11:57,200 ocean these are the same type of vents 302 00:12:02,069 --> 00:12:00,399 that support extremophile life on earth 303 00:12:04,470 --> 00:12:02,079 said hunter waite the principal 304 00:12:06,389 --> 00:12:04,480 investigator quote the discovery of 305 00:12:09,350 --> 00:12:06,399 hydrogen gas and the evidence for 306 00:12:11,590 --> 00:12:09,360 ongoing hydrothermal activity offer a 307 00:12:13,750 --> 00:12:11,600 tantalizing suggestion that habitable 308 00:12:16,389 --> 00:12:13,760 conditions could exist beneath this 309 00:12:18,870 --> 00:12:16,399 moon's icy crust end quotes 310 00:12:21,190 --> 00:12:18,880 and along comes titan we've spoken about 311 00:12:25,190 --> 00:12:21,200 titan recently here on the ufo headline 312 00:12:27,190 --> 00:12:25,200 news it's one of saturn's 53 moons titan 313 00:12:29,829 --> 00:12:27,200 is known to have permanent hydrocarbon 314 00:12:32,310 --> 00:12:29,839 lakes a nitrogen-heavy atmosphere and 315 00:12:33,829 --> 00:12:32,320 possibly a subsurface ocean beneath a 316 00:12:36,310 --> 00:12:33,839 salty crust 317 00:12:40,230 --> 00:12:36,320 so it's possible a host for either water 318 00:12:42,629 --> 00:12:40,240 dependent or methane dependent life 319 00:12:45,590 --> 00:12:42,639 now here's proxima b this planet 320 00:12:48,790 --> 00:12:45,600 discovered in august 2016 orbits the 321 00:12:51,190 --> 00:12:48,800 star proxima centauri 4.2 light years 322 00:12:53,030 --> 00:12:51,200 away from our own sun it's the nearest 323 00:12:55,509 --> 00:12:53,040 candidate beyond the solar system for 324 00:12:57,190 --> 00:12:55,519 hosting extraterrestrial life 325 00:12:59,590 --> 00:12:57,200 research in may's astronomy and 326 00:13:01,509 --> 00:12:59,600 astrophysics journal found that chances 327 00:13:04,230 --> 00:13:01,519 of life existing on the planet might 328 00:13:06,069 --> 00:13:04,240 hinge on its orbital speed 329 00:13:09,110 --> 00:13:06,079 astrophysicists at the university of 330 00:13:12,069 --> 00:13:09,120 exeter calculated that if proxima b 331 00:13:14,550 --> 00:13:12,079 rotates on its axis three times for 332 00:13:16,710 --> 00:13:14,560 every two times it orbits its sun 333 00:13:18,949 --> 00:13:16,720 then the chances for it being habitable 334 00:13:22,310 --> 00:13:18,959 are substantially improved 335 00:13:23,829 --> 00:13:22,320 and last but not least trappist-1 336 00:13:26,870 --> 00:13:23,839 the announcement of the trappist-1 337 00:13:29,269 --> 00:13:26,880 system last february with seven rocky 338 00:13:31,670 --> 00:13:29,279 planets orbiting an ultra-cool dwarf 339 00:13:34,550 --> 00:13:31,680 star sent ripples of excitement through 340 00:13:36,870 --> 00:13:34,560 astrobiologists everywhere at least 341 00:13:39,269 --> 00:13:36,880 three of these planets looked like they 342 00:13:41,670 --> 00:13:39,279 were within the star's habitable zone 343 00:13:43,750 --> 00:13:41,680 the latest analysis by eric wolf from 344 00:13:45,670 --> 00:13:43,760 the laboratory for atmospheric and space 345 00:13:48,150 --> 00:13:45,680 physics at the university of colorado 346 00:13:51,030 --> 00:13:48,160 boulder has somewhat dampened these 347 00:13:53,590 --> 00:13:51,040 expectations suggesting that only one of 348 00:13:56,790 --> 00:13:53,600 the group has life-sustaining potential 349 00:13:59,590 --> 00:13:56,800 but never mind one chance in seven is 350 00:14:00,710 --> 00:13:59,600 still better than no chance at all 351 00:14:03,509 --> 00:14:00,720 indeed 352 00:14:06,150 --> 00:14:03,519 here's a perfectly logical segue this is 353 00:14:07,110 --> 00:14:06,160 by elizabeth howell for the publication 354 00:14:09,990 --> 00:14:07,120 seeker 355 00:14:13,350 --> 00:14:10,000 headline finding extraterrestrial life 356 00:14:15,430 --> 00:14:13,360 may rely on identifying traces rather 357 00:14:17,430 --> 00:14:15,440 than aliens 358 00:14:20,230 --> 00:14:17,440 when the famous 15th century inventor 359 00:14:23,509 --> 00:14:20,240 and scientist leonardo da vinci examined 360 00:14:26,069 --> 00:14:23,519 petrified shells with borings in them 361 00:14:27,110 --> 00:14:26,079 very long ago he had a remarkable 362 00:14:29,030 --> 00:14:27,120 insight 363 00:14:31,430 --> 00:14:29,040 the strange fossilized formations he 364 00:14:33,430 --> 00:14:31,440 determined were likely left behind by 365 00:14:35,990 --> 00:14:33,440 ancient organisms 366 00:14:38,069 --> 00:14:36,000 half a millennium later this perspective 367 00:14:40,550 --> 00:14:38,079 is potentially useful in our search for 368 00:14:43,110 --> 00:14:40,560 alien life argues a new paper that 369 00:14:44,790 --> 00:14:43,120 appears in the earth science reviews the 370 00:14:47,030 --> 00:14:44,800 findings were recently presented at the 371 00:14:49,030 --> 00:14:47,040 european astrobiology network 372 00:14:50,230 --> 00:14:49,040 association congress held in the 373 00:14:51,990 --> 00:14:50,240 netherlands 374 00:14:53,829 --> 00:14:52,000 astronomers have been weighing options 375 00:14:55,750 --> 00:14:53,839 for how to identify the existence of 376 00:14:57,110 --> 00:14:55,760 life on other planets and moons in our 377 00:14:58,949 --> 00:14:57,120 solar system 378 00:15:01,509 --> 00:14:58,959 there are a range of 379 00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:01,519 okay kevin for the grand prize of one 380 00:15:06,550 --> 00:15:04,480 million dollars what color is the white 381 00:15:09,189 --> 00:15:06,560 house um 382 00:15:13,030 --> 00:15:09,199 i know this i know this i know this 383 00:15:14,470 --> 00:15:13,040 um five seconds oh switching to geico 384 00:15:15,750 --> 00:15:14,480 could save you a bunch of money on car 385 00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:15,760 insurance 386 00:15:18,470 --> 00:15:16,800 okay 387 00:15:20,509 --> 00:15:18,480 judges 388 00:15:23,990 --> 00:15:20,519 that's true kevin you'll allow it 389 00:15:26,470 --> 00:15:24,000 congratulations you're a winner 390 00:15:28,550 --> 00:15:26,480 geico because saving 15 or more on car 391 00:15:30,790 --> 00:15:28,560 insurance is always the great answer 392 00:15:33,269 --> 00:15:30,800 possibilities mars could be host to 393 00:15:35,590 --> 00:15:33,279 ancient or current life depending on how 394 00:15:37,269 --> 00:15:35,600 much water flows on the surface and how 395 00:15:40,389 --> 00:15:37,279 salty that water is 396 00:15:42,629 --> 00:15:40,399 there are also many icy moons some with 397 00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:42,639 water geysers in the outer regions of 398 00:15:48,470 --> 00:15:45,120 our solar system among them saturn's 399 00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:48,480 titan and enceladus and jupiter's europa 400 00:15:52,790 --> 00:15:50,800 and ganymede 401 00:15:55,430 --> 00:15:52,800 leonardo understood the biological 402 00:15:57,910 --> 00:15:55,440 nature of borings based on their shape 403 00:16:00,790 --> 00:15:57,920 not their biochemistry end quotes that's 404 00:16:03,350 --> 00:16:00,800 from andre bacon the lead researcher 405 00:16:05,430 --> 00:16:03,360 bacon is an ichnologist that type of 406 00:16:08,470 --> 00:16:05,440 scientist that studies life's traces 407 00:16:10,629 --> 00:16:08,480 through burrows borings and trails 408 00:16:12,629 --> 00:16:10,639 he previously studied da vinci's work 409 00:16:16,310 --> 00:16:12,639 and is a researcher at the university of 410 00:16:18,310 --> 00:16:16,320 modena and unesco geopark netourho 411 00:16:20,710 --> 00:16:18,320 here's what he says quote this 412 00:16:23,069 --> 00:16:20,720 observation appears to be trivial but it 413 00:16:25,590 --> 00:16:23,079 potentially allows us to detect 414 00:16:28,069 --> 00:16:25,600 extraterrestrial life that differs from 415 00:16:30,470 --> 00:16:28,079 known life end quotes 416 00:16:33,269 --> 00:16:30,480 a major limitation of this kind of study 417 00:16:35,910 --> 00:16:33,279 however is that animal traces and 418 00:16:38,389 --> 00:16:35,920 alterations by geology can sometimes 419 00:16:40,150 --> 00:16:38,399 appear very similar for example 420 00:16:42,870 --> 00:16:40,160 researchers have identified what they 421 00:16:45,189 --> 00:16:42,880 say are more than four billion-year-old 422 00:16:47,110 --> 00:16:45,199 fossils in formations in northern quebec 423 00:16:50,230 --> 00:16:47,120 canada this finding was announced 424 00:16:52,749 --> 00:16:50,240 earlier this year in 2016 a separate 425 00:16:55,749 --> 00:16:52,759 team claimed to find a 3.7 426 00:16:56,949 --> 00:16:55,759 billion-year-old microbial mat in 427 00:16:59,590 --> 00:16:56,959 greenland 428 00:17:01,670 --> 00:16:59,600 but given that the earth is about 4.5 429 00:17:03,990 --> 00:17:01,680 billion years old critics of these 430 00:17:06,390 --> 00:17:04,000 discoveries argue that changes in 431 00:17:09,189 --> 00:17:06,400 earth's geology over billions of years 432 00:17:10,750 --> 00:17:09,199 can sometimes mimic those appearances of 433 00:17:13,110 --> 00:17:10,760 life forms 434 00:17:15,669 --> 00:17:13,120 microbiologists therefore need to prove 435 00:17:17,510 --> 00:17:15,679 that the older life forms did exist by 436 00:17:19,750 --> 00:17:17,520 comparing the older fossils to much 437 00:17:20,630 --> 00:17:19,760 younger and better verified examples of 438 00:17:22,549 --> 00:17:20,640 life 439 00:17:25,189 --> 00:17:22,559 they must also attempt to verify 440 00:17:27,510 --> 00:17:25,199 markings by life against the chemistry 441 00:17:30,870 --> 00:17:27,520 of the rocks although again this can be 442 00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:30,880 altered by rock deformation over time in 443 00:17:35,190 --> 00:17:33,360 this latest study andre bacon and his 444 00:17:38,070 --> 00:17:35,200 colleagues attempt to explain the best 445 00:17:39,830 --> 00:17:38,080 way to find extraterrestrial traces 446 00:17:42,630 --> 00:17:39,840 one method of finding those could be 447 00:17:45,029 --> 00:17:42,640 looking for quote meandering end quote 448 00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:45,039 trails and burrows that efficient way 449 00:17:49,990 --> 00:17:47,760 for microorganisms to look for food 450 00:17:51,990 --> 00:17:50,000 rather than making straight lines in the 451 00:17:54,630 --> 00:17:52,000 environment or repeatedly crossing a 452 00:17:56,150 --> 00:17:54,640 surface this meandering allows a 453 00:17:58,070 --> 00:17:56,160 creature to search for food without 454 00:18:00,390 --> 00:17:58,080 exerting too much energy 455 00:18:01,909 --> 00:18:00,400 quote rangers looking for tracks on the 456 00:18:04,310 --> 00:18:01,919 snow to determine the presence of 457 00:18:06,549 --> 00:18:04,320 elusive animals such as the links and 458 00:18:08,630 --> 00:18:06,559 quotes said bacon he pointed out that 459 00:18:11,190 --> 00:18:08,640 the traces work for creatures ranging 460 00:18:13,990 --> 00:18:11,200 from microscopic organisms to large 461 00:18:16,789 --> 00:18:14,000 dinosaurs he continues quote why not do 462 00:18:19,350 --> 00:18:16,799 the same with alien tracks 463 00:18:21,430 --> 00:18:19,360 borings and burrows traces of 464 00:18:23,750 --> 00:18:21,440 interactions with the substrate that 465 00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:23,760 natural environment for a creature are a 466 00:18:28,549 --> 00:18:26,080 common evidence for life on earth and 467 00:18:30,870 --> 00:18:28,559 their fossils can survive the humongous 468 00:18:34,150 --> 00:18:30,880 pressures and temperatures generated by 469 00:18:36,549 --> 00:18:34,160 colliding continents end quotes he added 470 00:18:39,110 --> 00:18:36,559 we'll keep our eyes on this study 471 00:18:42,470 --> 00:18:39,120 we found a very cool article written by 472 00:18:45,510 --> 00:18:42,480 george knapp in the las vegas now dot 473 00:18:47,909 --> 00:18:45,520 com he writes this as the i team and 474 00:18:50,549 --> 00:18:47,919 here's his headline hacker says the 475 00:18:53,750 --> 00:18:50,559 united states military has secret space 476 00:18:55,909 --> 00:18:53,760 program besides nasa 477 00:18:57,990 --> 00:18:55,919 this hacker it's a name you will all 478 00:18:58,950 --> 00:18:58,000 identify gentle listeners here's the 479 00:19:01,990 --> 00:18:58,960 story 480 00:19:04,310 --> 00:19:02,000 las vegas a computer hacker says he's 481 00:19:07,510 --> 00:19:04,320 seen evidence that suggests the united 482 00:19:09,990 --> 00:19:07,520 states military has its own secret space 483 00:19:10,870 --> 00:19:10,000 program separate from nasa's space 484 00:19:14,390 --> 00:19:10,880 effort 485 00:19:16,310 --> 00:19:14,400 and that hacker yep it's gary mckinnon 486 00:19:18,549 --> 00:19:16,320 that computer whiz from the united 487 00:19:20,470 --> 00:19:18,559 kingdom and just to update you if you've 488 00:19:22,710 --> 00:19:20,480 forgotten mr mckinnon or perhaps never 489 00:19:24,950 --> 00:19:22,720 heard of him at all we thought it might 490 00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:24,960 be a good idea to meander over to 491 00:19:31,270 --> 00:19:27,760 wikipedia and just pick up this gary 492 00:19:33,750 --> 00:19:31,280 mckinnon born the 10th of february 1966 493 00:19:36,549 --> 00:19:33,760 is a scottish systems administrator and 494 00:19:39,590 --> 00:19:36,559 hacker he was accused in 2002 of 495 00:19:42,870 --> 00:19:39,600 perpetrating the quote biggest military 496 00:19:45,029 --> 00:19:42,880 computer hack of all time end quotes 497 00:19:47,350 --> 00:19:45,039 although mckinnon himself states that he 498 00:19:50,310 --> 00:19:47,360 was merely looking for evidence of free 499 00:19:52,470 --> 00:19:50,320 energy suppression and a cover-up of ufo 500 00:19:54,950 --> 00:19:52,480 activity and other technologies 501 00:19:58,230 --> 00:19:54,960 potentially useful to the public 502 00:20:01,350 --> 00:19:58,240 on the 16th of october 2012 after a long 503 00:20:04,150 --> 00:20:01,360 struggle a series of legal proceedings 504 00:20:06,710 --> 00:20:04,160 in britain home secretary theresa may 505 00:20:08,230 --> 00:20:06,720 withdrew her extradition order to the 506 00:20:10,630 --> 00:20:08,240 united states 507 00:20:12,950 --> 00:20:10,640 we think personally that was a very good 508 00:20:15,190 --> 00:20:12,960 thing oh by the way just a side note 509 00:20:17,990 --> 00:20:15,200 here if you are up for it and interested 510 00:20:21,190 --> 00:20:18,000 to sleuth around youtube has a couple of 511 00:20:23,669 --> 00:20:21,200 music videos yep gary mckinnon was a 512 00:20:26,390 --> 00:20:23,679 rock and roller check out his video 513 00:20:28,789 --> 00:20:26,400 wanton child by the way he was a 514 00:20:31,590 --> 00:20:28,799 computer whiz from the united kingdom 515 00:20:34,230 --> 00:20:31,600 and he's going to talk about all of this 516 00:20:36,789 --> 00:20:34,240 at a las vegas symposium the weekend of 517 00:20:39,990 --> 00:20:36,799 july 21st through the 23rd 518 00:20:41,909 --> 00:20:40,000 according to gary mckinnon in 2001 while 519 00:20:45,590 --> 00:20:41,919 he was searching online for evidence 520 00:20:48,870 --> 00:20:45,600 about ufos he accessed classified nasa 521 00:20:51,590 --> 00:20:48,880 computers a total of 13 times 522 00:20:54,630 --> 00:20:51,600 but instead of evidence of ufos mckinnon 523 00:20:57,750 --> 00:20:54,640 found files about a secret space program 524 00:20:58,549 --> 00:20:57,760 operated by the united states navy he 525 00:21:01,029 --> 00:20:58,559 said 526 00:21:04,149 --> 00:21:01,039 mckinnon says he even found the names of 527 00:21:06,470 --> 00:21:04,159 the off-planet crew members 528 00:21:08,549 --> 00:21:06,480 jan harzen the president of the mutual 529 00:21:11,750 --> 00:21:08,559 ufo network which meets in las vegas 530 00:21:13,909 --> 00:21:11,760 this week told the i-team george knapp 531 00:21:16,990 --> 00:21:13,919 what mckinnon uncovered 532 00:21:20,310 --> 00:21:17,000 quote basically donna hare spelled 533 00:21:22,310 --> 00:21:20,320 h-a-r-e who had worked for nasa told him 534 00:21:25,350 --> 00:21:22,320 about specific buildings where they were 535 00:21:27,190 --> 00:21:25,360 airbrushing ufos out of photographs 536 00:21:29,990 --> 00:21:27,200 before releasing them to the public for 537 00:21:33,029 --> 00:21:30,000 nasa that's from jan harzon from mutual 538 00:21:35,909 --> 00:21:33,039 ufo network mufon i quote he wanted to 539 00:21:37,909 --> 00:21:35,919 go find that stuff and in his search for 540 00:21:41,430 --> 00:21:37,919 that information this is what he 541 00:21:43,909 --> 00:21:41,440 stumbled upon literally a secret space 542 00:21:45,190 --> 00:21:43,919 fleet within the united states navy end 543 00:21:46,950 --> 00:21:45,200 quotes 544 00:21:48,710 --> 00:21:46,960 ultimately gary mckinnon was arrested 545 00:21:51,029 --> 00:21:48,720 for this computer break-in and the 546 00:21:53,990 --> 00:21:51,039 united states tried to extradite him for 547 00:21:56,149 --> 00:21:54,000 trial but after an eight-year legal 548 00:21:57,510 --> 00:21:56,159 battle the british government refused to 549 00:22:00,310 --> 00:21:57,520 turn him over 550 00:22:02,310 --> 00:22:00,320 saturday at noon mckinnon will speak via 551 00:22:04,549 --> 00:22:02,320 skype to the mutual ufo network 552 00:22:06,470 --> 00:22:04,559 symposium which meets in las vegas 553 00:22:08,549 --> 00:22:06,480 friday through sunday 554 00:22:11,110 --> 00:22:08,559 from what we understand there is live 555 00:22:13,270 --> 00:22:11,120 streaming of this symposium available 556 00:22:15,669 --> 00:22:13,280 it's kind of pricey but we're sure if 557 00:22:18,390 --> 00:22:15,679 you check it out you can find some kind 558 00:22:20,789 --> 00:22:18,400 of access either now or later 559 00:22:23,430 --> 00:22:20,799 just a reminder gentlelisteners we have 560 00:22:25,750 --> 00:22:23,440 off the beaten path our weekend feature 561 00:22:27,830 --> 00:22:25,760 for the ufo headline news here at 562 00:22:29,669 --> 00:22:27,840 inception radio network coming up 563 00:22:32,549 --> 00:22:29,679 tomorrow join us 564 00:22:35,990 --> 00:22:32,559 here's a sighting at long last this one 565 00:22:39,510 --> 00:22:36,000 comes out of mcclelland iowa it's got a 566 00:22:41,909 --> 00:22:39,520 move on case number 85213 567 00:22:45,270 --> 00:22:41,919 the date of this sighting is the 19th of 568 00:22:48,390 --> 00:22:45,280 july 2017 got a same-day report 569 00:22:51,430 --> 00:22:48,400 and it isn't actually a sighting by the 570 00:22:55,029 --> 00:22:51,440 way here's the summary was in-house 571 00:22:57,430 --> 00:22:55,039 everything went dark for one second 572 00:22:59,750 --> 00:22:57,440 it's more of an absence of light than a 573 00:23:02,070 --> 00:22:59,760 light in the sky the viewing distance 574 00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:02,080 provided under citing specifics by our 575 00:23:07,590 --> 00:23:04,720 witness unknown viewing distance the 576 00:23:10,390 --> 00:23:07,600 altitude unknown the sighting duration 577 00:23:12,950 --> 00:23:10,400 one second and the features object 578 00:23:16,310 --> 00:23:12,960 flight path object shape none of those 579 00:23:18,470 --> 00:23:16,320 apply obviously oh pity there isn't any 580 00:23:21,029 --> 00:23:18,480 weather but our witness does speak to 581 00:23:22,549 --> 00:23:21,039 that here's the event 582 00:23:23,990 --> 00:23:22,559 i was sitting in the living room 583 00:23:27,190 --> 00:23:24,000 watching tv 584 00:23:30,390 --> 00:23:27,200 it was about 4 25 in the afternoon 585 00:23:33,510 --> 00:23:30,400 all of a sudden the house went dark 586 00:23:35,190 --> 00:23:33,520 no sunlight was coming in the windows 587 00:23:38,310 --> 00:23:35,200 my daughter was in the kitchen at the 588 00:23:40,230 --> 00:23:38,320 time and she asked me what was that 589 00:23:42,070 --> 00:23:40,240 so i jumped up and went outside 590 00:23:43,510 --> 00:23:42,080 immediately to see what could have 591 00:23:46,230 --> 00:23:43,520 caused this 592 00:23:49,590 --> 00:23:46,240 i found nothing in the sky that could 593 00:23:52,310 --> 00:23:49,600 have caused a shadow no clouds today no 594 00:23:55,350 --> 00:23:52,320 visible planes and also it was totally 595 00:23:56,549 --> 00:23:55,360 silent outside there was no motor no jet 596 00:23:59,350 --> 00:23:56,559 noise 597 00:24:01,990 --> 00:23:59,360 i believe whatever this had to be was 598 00:24:05,029 --> 00:24:02,000 huge it had to have cast a shadow large 599 00:24:07,990 --> 00:24:05,039 enough to darken the whole house at once 600 00:24:10,630 --> 00:24:08,000 and also it had to be moving away very 601 00:24:11,590 --> 00:24:10,640 fast as this entire incident lasted one 602 00:24:13,909 --> 00:24:11,600 second 603 00:24:16,830 --> 00:24:13,919 i don't believe it was a cloud because 604 00:24:19,350 --> 00:24:16,840 there was no gradual darkening this was 605 00:24:21,750 --> 00:24:19,360 instantaneous and again when i went 606 00:24:24,070 --> 00:24:21,760 outside there were no clouds in the sky 607 00:24:25,269 --> 00:24:24,080 the wind today was about 10 miles per 608 00:24:28,870 --> 00:24:25,279 hour 609 00:24:30,789 --> 00:24:28,880 so what's going on in mcclelland iowa 610 00:24:33,350 --> 00:24:30,799 this is recent we'll keep our eyes on 611 00:24:36,789 --> 00:24:33,360 that area and see what happens 612 00:24:39,669 --> 00:24:36,799 but now we see what happens every time 613 00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:39,679 we've run out of time we've gotta bounce 614 00:24:43,269 --> 00:24:40,960 because 615 00:24:45,830 --> 00:24:43,279 that's a wrap thank you for listening to